Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation Essay Martin Luther was the most influential person of the 15th and 16th century the reason being he rebelled against the catholic church the highest authority in the world at that time. When Martin Luther went against the church he not only reformed Christianity but reformed every person in Europe into a thinking human being. So when looking at the most influential people of the time Martin Luther paved the path for all modern sciences. Martin Luther’s Ninety Five Theses showed obvious faults and corruption throughout the Catholic Church. When looking at Martin Luther’s ideals he showed that the Catholic Church had made up rules that could not be found in the bible. Due to this finding he led the Protestants into a more direct translation of the bible. One of his largest accomplishments was the translation of the bible into the German language. By translating the bible out of Latin and into German he placed the interpretation of the word of god into the hands of people who had been simply told god’s word from a Catholic stand point. By shining light on the problems of the Catholic Church Martin Luther created a wave of people with minds of their own. By giving people a reason and the power to think for themselves he lit the powder keg for the exit of the middle ages and entrance into the renaissance and the scientific revolution. And when looking at the scientific revolution one can speculate that if Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation had not taken place when it did the Catholic Church would most likely have crushed any new scientific ideas that did not conform to the teachings of the church. To prove that the speculation has weight one can look at how the Catholic Church employed major censorship of the Protestant teachings. Martin Luther was the most influential person of the 15th and 16th century because he shined light upon the power of the human mind. By empowering people he gifted the world with the spark that led to the scientific revolution and the split of the Catholic religion.

Effective Use of Montage in the Film, The Night of the Hunter :: Movie Film Essays

Effective Use of Montage in the Film, The Night of the Hunter In the film The Night of the Hunter, director Charles Laughton uses montage on multiple occasions to create a variety of visual and emotional effects. Montage is used to slow time and create tension, as a foreshadowing device, and as a symbolic depiction of the film’s conflict. Towards the end of the film, when John and Pearl Harper escape from Preacher Harry Powell via the river, montage is skillfully utilized to slow time, thus enhancing the drama of the moment. As the children scramble down the riverbank to the rowboat, the frame alternates between a high angle shot of the children by the river and a low angle shot of the Preacher on the hill. With each successive shot, the Preacher moves steadily closer to the boat, slowly building the scene to its dramatic climax and the children’s narrow escape. By alternating the shots in this montage, the entire scene takes longer to depict than if the camera merely showed a stationary long shot. This additional time amplifies the tension of the moment, making John and Pearl’s escape all the more dramatic. As Eisenstein discusses, montage can also be employed as the combination of two unrelated images to create a third, unrelated concept, similar to Japanese writing. Laughton uses this technique in the candy shop scene, when Willa Harper is told she needs a man in her life to take care of her and the children. The shot then changes to a large, black oncoming train, with loud, bass-heavy music in the background. High contrast lighting and the dramatic music intensify the fear the train produces. These two shots alternate several times, the train coming closer each time. The combination of the unrelated images ominously foreshadows the terror and fear to come when Willa meets Preacher Harry, and he begins to lie and scheme his way into her life and secrets. Harry’s domination and control eventually lead to Willa’s murder, and John and Pearl’s desperate escape. This montage in the first half of the film establishes the fearful tone of the remainder of the film. Laughton also uses montage to illustrate the harshness of nature and society during the children’s trip down the river, in the form of close-up shots of various animals, both predator and prey.

Tobacco use esay

The effects of smoking are harmful to one's body and can cause numerous health issues ND in some cases death-More than 5 million deaths a year is a huge amount of people that are being effected by tobacco use,and the number keeps growing. The county of Asia is especially affected by tobacco use and its harmful character traits. The global community must take steps to eliminate tobacco use. Smoking rates are very high in South Asian communities. South Asians often smoke cigarettes, bids or a hookah, or chew tobacco in pan or gotcha.There are many health risks for example, chewing pan makes you five times more likely to get oral cancer (Palo Alto medical foundation). People in Asia find it very hard to stop smoking, 700 Million men in Asia say they can not get through the day with out smoking a cigarette. Cigarette consumption in China soared between 1970 and 1 990 but has fallen slightly since. In Asia smoking among men is far more common than in the West. The worry, says Burke Fishbo ne of the World Health Organization (WHO), is that Asia will follow the Western trend, with more women taking up smoking as men quit.In Vietnam, for example, cigarettes are being peddled to urban women as a â€Å"sophisticated† pursuit. (Bangkok) Smoking was rotationally not considered lady like but the tobacco companies targeted all women from media , fashion and anything else they could think of that would get the attention of women. (Core Press) People are trying to stop smoking worldwide and are trying to start a war against smoking-Heath leaders are getting together tying to come up with ideas on how they can get smoking band or get it set to a certain age limit .Today there are 1. 1 billion smokers 80%,in the developing world. Starting today representatives from 191 nations are gathering together to insider the smoking treaty that could restrict tobacco marketing to young proportions in Asia and it is likely with the maturation Of this epidemic and increased risk of dea th from cancer and other smoking Disease. Asia marks it's productions and it has the best selling point, Most people that sell cigarettes to Asia don't care about there health, they just care about there rates being improved.Some countries such as; Brunet, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand want them to put warning labels on cigarette packs. Other countries such as; Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Manner, Philippines, and Vietnam require only text warnings. Turban designates wants to Increase tax to make tobacco products as unaffordable as possible he thinks that would be the best way for them to go. (David Tan) So many polices have been in Asia that both have high and low income.Countries are waking up to Tobacco related health diseases,researchers say public awareness of smoking risks coupled with aggressive tobacco marketing has left Asian nations with some of the most highest smoking rates in the world. At times when sustained anti-smoking campaigns have lowered rates in the U. S. And parts of Europe. N a country where 44 percent of the male population smokes a Health Minister named Moon Hung-Pay said the time had come to grapple seriously with the biggest threat to national health†Many Asian countries are in the early stages of the tobacco epidemic,† said by the POLO Medicine study. Hewitt) Dry. Alan Lopez the Pacific is particularly bad Countries like Tong, PANG, Jackrabbit all have smoking prevalence in males above 50 per cent, and very high in females. That is unusual what we tend to see in the developing countries Asia, is comparatively high and disturbingly high in fact. Prevalence for ales, around 40 to 50 per cent but much lower prevalence for females. We do not tend to see that in the Pacific where women are smoking almost as much as men. (Garrett) . (Schemer, Ron ).Europe may be leading the efforts to stamp out smoking in public places . Pipe have been studying and it shows that teens smoking rate is very high to . But there losing at tryin g to get the teens to stop smoking most teens are doing it because other people are doing and they want fit in . The U. S. Is trying to promote smokers to stop by putting up signs and commercials and APS this way will get teens attention more . Over the next 10 years most scientists are researching polonium in cigarettes and the radioisotope .The people that seal cigarettes are trying to get out they contract on smoking because the see how bad it's hurting people and how unhealthy it is . Smokers show that symptoms of addiction suck as withdrawal ,craving ,failed attempts to stop happen in the first week of smoking the percent of smoking went from 25 percent to 35 These results reside the question about nicotine from just one cigarette can mess up and alter your brain to trigger and addiction -when people try to interview the makers of cigarettes they don't have comments on the subject or say the same thing you can always stop smoking.Tobacco use is a world wide epidemic that effect s different genders,races and age group, Ones experience hits close to home. When MS pots was 22 in college she was pledging. She had to give cigarettes out to the big sisters in her sorority. As she keep selling them she began to smoke them her self,she thought if she would do it she would be cool. In 201 1 she was diagnosed with COPED which stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She had to walk around with a oxygen tank On her back for two years.She tried multiply times to stop she tried a peal called Chianti for two months but that didn't work. On October 1 2010 she feel on her knees to God and asked him to please take the taste away from her. Since the she has never put a cigarette in her mouth since then. There are many possible solutions to kicking the habit of smoking like; raising prices of cigarettes,banning CIA ret ads,restricting advertisement to youth ,tougher laws on marketing,reduction of tar and nicotine levels,stop attraction of cigarettes .

English as a Second Language Essay

America is truly a great nation. With all its progress, everyone outside the country desire to live and migrate in this country. In fact, it has become a popular migration destination aside from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, in every city in America, there are communities of people with diverse culture and origin. Hence, this paper attempts to dissect the policies being implemented by the government concerning English as a second language in America. History  The history of Bilingual Education in the United States can be traced in the founding of America as the nation’s founder adopted neither an official language nor a government-sanctioned body to regulate speech (Ovando, 2003, p. 1). Carlos T. Ovando of the Arizona State University reveals that behind the monolingual culture image of America, thousands of other American Indian languages were spoken in the 15th century, paving for the complexities and diversities in the linguistic culture of America. But Ovando says, most of these languages were filtered along with their cultural realities, as the founders envisioned a â€Å"country with a unified history, traditions, and a common language† (2003, p. 2). Ovando noted that this vision was based in general on the English system and schooling practices (2003, p. 2). But, language policy controversies from the beginning not prevented the founders to enforce a mono-language system or to regulate speech (2003, p. 2). During that time European language particularly Spanish was dominant that they were treated with respect more likely than others, and their speaker being accommodated in school and government services. Ovando calls this formative period as the period of â€Å"linguistic tolerance† because of the absence of strong and solid policy on language diversity (Ovando, p. 3). As the influx of immigrants from European countries continuous, diversity of language continuous to widen as immigrants hang on to their maternal languages. Thus, in the 19th century, laws were passed authorizing Bilingual Education. American states were allowed bilingual instructions in public and private schools (Ovando, p. 4). Research Many individual Americans were so concerned to have a national language and this reflected in the slogan â€Å"one country one language† (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 141). The most notable was Noah Webster who attempted to create â€Å"a unique national character defined by common American English (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 41). Their desire must be legitimate since English language has now been spoken around the world by about 1. 5 billion people. That means, English language has now become global and a stand as a medium of communication world wide. Thus, there is a need to teach English on schools not only in America but in every country of the world. Jill Bourne and Evan Reid pointed out that because of English is widely spoken; it has a wide range of context from air-traffic control down to popular music (p. 161). These according to Reid and Bourne create a need to learn English language to be able to communicate internationally. In the report made by Patricia Anne DiCerbo, throughout America, many foreign students are enrolling ranging from elementary to high schools, which’s common reason is migration from many parts of the world; and the dominant group among other groups is the Spanish-speaking people who are mostly coming from Latin America. She also noted that this group of students is the fastest growing group in the United States. These students are facing a lot of challenges in terms of academic performance because of language barrier. This problem poses some problems; for instance, in her (DiCerbo’s) report, about fifty-fifty percent of Latino Youth are having the opportunity to graduate or finish high school. This simple report gave DiCerbo a perception that English Language Learning should be given to foreign students. Ovando in the book English Language Learning in America pointed out some reasons or fears why English language is now being pushed (as cited by Reid and Bourne, p. 138). A lot of Americans are worried about the influx of immigrants from Latin America for fear they may pose threat to the cultural integrity of the nation. There are common concerns that American cities will be filled with Spanish or German-speaking aliens; and they live for years speaking only their own mother tongue and will never learn English (Reid and Bourne, p. 138). Another thing is that they fear that foreign language speakers may weakened the national body of politics as what had happened in Quebec, Canada because of the dominant French speaking aliens. Ovando quoted Governor Dick Lamn’s statement emphasizing the need to make English the official language in schools and in government. The statement said â€Å"immigrants who fail to assimilate in the society are social time bombs. † Finally, Ovando emphasized that in order for any one to get ahead; one has to be fluent in English (p. 138). In view of the above historical background, there is no reason to reject English Language Learning for it does in the first place, emphasize the need for everyone to learn and be fluent in English. Carrasquillo and Rodriguez said that ELL students are encouraged to learn academic and skills in English (p. 20). English Language Learning according to them means only of advancing simultaneously in the stages of developing interpersonal skills, mastering subject area content and skills, and acquiring academic language proficiency for each subject area, all in their second language which is English (Carrasquillo and Rodriguez, p. 0). Through retention of ELL, limited English proficient students are given the opportunity to cope up deficiencies in learning using English as medium of communication. Theory For us to be able to make a conclusion regarding the issue of bilingual policy in education, it would be important to understand the theoretical argument regarding this matter. There are various theories about bilingual policies of the United States but as space constraint, this paper cited only one theory although, there are several theories that discussed about bilingual education in the United States such as theory of Kloss (1977-1988) regarding the tolerant mood during the formative years; Baron (1990) emphasizing on slight development of English Language for the past two hundred years; REcinto (1998) which is talking about poor language minorities. It is easy to agree that these theories help in understanding language policies, especially on making conclusion about the issue. As Ovando pointed out that history is full of evidence that support any of these theories. The theory of Heath (1983-1990) tells us that the relationship between the literacy practices from each community corresponds closely to the literacy practice and expectation of the school. Heath found out that children from other community with English as their second language excel in their own community but fell behind in school. These children are perceived as lacking in school readiness skills at the point of entry. This means that children having native language aside from English would have poor academic performance because of language deficiencies which supposed to be not since curriculum-wise, American schools are better. Foreign students are having deficiency in terms of literacy level because of racial division or factor. Conclusion America is an English-speaking nation and English language is the internationally accepted language. It is the sovereign right of America to enforce to its citizens the use of their tongue as official medium of instruction both in public and private, as well as in government. Language is very important and it is a unifying instrument of a nation. After centuries of tolerance, it is high time that America unites its citizens by being monolingual. This is highly important since America has become the convergence of many nations such as African, Asians, European and other languages in the world. If each of the foreign community living in the United States will use instructional materials in their native tongue, as well as use it as a medium of instruction inside the classroom, America is in danger of breaking into pieces their culture and language. In the same way, the government offered the ELL as a means to help immigrant students to cope up with the difficulty of speaking English in the classroom. This training provides necessary practices and lesson in order to develop communication skills among the students. Also, ELL is offered in all schools in America as part of the curriculum of students whose native language is not English. Thus, the ELL is thoroughly learned and mastered through which, students learn mastery of the language as well as skills of communication in English. In the words of Carlos Ovando, children need to learn the English language for them to get ahead.

Travel in China essays

Travel in China essays China, a land of beauty and fascination, tempts adventurous travellers all over the world. China also is a massive country, covering 6,000,000 square miles and has infinite variety of people, enchanting natural landscape, brilliant history and culture and fascinating destinations. The area of china is about 9,600,000 sq km, 9.6 million Sq km. Population is 1.24 billion The capital city is Beijing whose population is 12 million. China has 31 provinces and Taiwan, Hongkong and Marcou. Official language of China is Manderin (Beijing dialect mandarin). The main religioun are officially atheist; Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism (no stats available); Muslim (14 million), Christian (7 million) China's climate varies from bitter coldness in winter to unbearable heat in summer. Since the size and varied landscape of the country, there is no one time in the year when Chinese weather is ideal. Of course, the warmest areas in winter are to be found in the South and Southwest, such as Sichuan, Banna in Yunnan, and Hainan Island. In summer the coolest spots are in the far northeast. Chinese food enjoys high reputation in the world due to its abundance and exquisite, delicious taste and charming appearance. It differs due to the diversity of the climate, products and customs of local regions. Therefore, there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions. Of long history it has become part of the nation's traditional cultures. Since China's local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines which are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine.  ¡ Shandong Cuisine ¡ Sichuan Cuisine ¡ Guangdong Cuisine ¡ Fujian Cuisine  ¡ Jiangsu Cuisine ¡ Zhejiang Cuisine ¡ Hunan Cuisine ¡ Anhui Cuisine Nat...

Email vs. E-mail

Email vs. E-mail Email vs. E-mail Email vs. E-mail By Mark Nichol Once upon a time, one could speak or write about such media as books and mail, or use such terms as business and commerce, and your audience would immediately understand what you were referring to. But then, toward the end of the twentieth century, came a revolution in how humans conduct social behavior, academic pursuits, and business transactions- activities now often mediated through an electronic device. As humans adapted to personal computers, cell phones, and related technology, our language concurrently evolved. One result was the invention of a new prefix: The letter e soon appeared in front of existing words as an abbreviation of electronic to express that the term refers to an action accomplished using a computer (or, later, related devices such as cell phones and tablets). But for a time, how that prefix was attached was a matter of some disagreement. Should a hyphen be employed, or should the term be considered a closed compound? â€Å"Electronic mail,† which originally referred to any electronic document-transmission method, including production of facsimiles (also known as faxes), dates back to the 1960s, and in the early 1970s, the abbreviation was codified in the computing world as email. However, even though in the 1990s, the then new but quickly influential magazine Wired championed this closed form, though as the process became widely available, many publications used diverse variations, including e-mail, E-mail, and Email. The Chicago Manual of Style, which in general sensibly favors minimizing the use of hyphens in prefixed terms, recommends e-mail and the like (except in proper names such as eBay). The Associated Press Style Book switched to email a few years ago after steadfastly mandating e-mail, though e-commerce and all other e-words remain hyphenated. (The capitalized forms, thankfully, never quite caught on.) Merriam-Webster’s, which generally mirrors Chicago’s hyphenation policy, lists e-mail, with email as a variant. So, which form should prevail? As always, the options are, if you’re self-publishing or you’re compiling a house style guide for a company or organization, to decide for yourself and stick to one or the other, or to go with the form preferred by a company or organization you are writing for or submitting writing to. If the former alternative pertains to you, however, consider that email is only the most prominent among a class of similarly structured words with e attached to book, commerce, learning, and so on, and consistency is a virtue. Therefore, if e-mail, then e-book and so on. If email, then ebook and so on. (And never capitalize the e or the first letter of the root word unless the prefixed word is a brand name.) My recommendation is, though I generally favor omitting prefix hyphens, to consider the aesthetics and avoid such infelicities as etail (â€Å"electronic retail,† meaning â€Å"online retail†) and ewaste (â€Å"electronic waste,† referring to discarded electronics). (I would avoid such prefixed terms altogether in favor of the long forms, but this may not always be desirable.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of Phrases11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingNeither... or?

Solyndra Solar Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Solyndra Solar - Term Paper Example Meanwhile, the program intends to create over 60,000 jobs for the citizens and remains the significant source of jobs for thousands of people. Despite the current bankruptcy, the program is facing, the administration claims that its investment portfolio is still effective and productive. Meanwhile, the Solyndra issues post criticism about the suitability of government in the process of funding technologies and programs. Thus, the paper will evaluate the bankruptcy issues, bailout and analysis of the Solyndra Solar in order to establish its performance in the market. Solyndra Solar Bailout The research indicates that the Solyndra has used a lot of billion dollars ineffectively due to the poor management and $535 million are direct bailout from the United State taxpayers (Cappiello, 2011). The program was handed $535 million dollars as a federal loan guarantee despite its unstable financial footing. Solyndra has applied for the federal trade regulation support in order to assist foot t he bill for the 1,100 employees that it laid off as a result of bankruptcy. Meanwhile, the administration program is supposed to use $1.5 billion to bailout the retraining for employees who had lost their jobs due to the foreign trade like competition from the cheap panels from china. ... The bailout had a lot of risk disclosure, but the company was operating at a high cash burn rate because it could not mange its expenses effectively. Meanwhile, the company had sales of $100 million in 2010 and as a result of high costs and overhead it recorded a loss of $172 million that year (Cappiello, 2011). The company had lost about half a billion dollars for three sears before it comes for the bailout money from the federal programs. The federal government gave the money to the Solyndra without evaluating the financial crisis that was affecting the company. The company was producing tubes at cost of $4 per watt output, but it made losses on them because it was charging $3.24 in the market. Meanwhile, the company spent tens of millions of the bailout money in establishing a 500 million megawatt production capacity given that its production volumes had reduced to 65 megawatts (Cappiello, 2011). The company was expected to use the bailout money to sort the sales problems, but it spent its cash to build costly production firm. Meanwhile, the Kaiser Foundation bailout the Solyndra with a total of $ 75 million that would assist the company’s situation, but the company would be paid before taxpayers get their $535 million back (Cappiello, 2011). The paying the taxpayers should follow the order of creditors due to the bankruptcy proceeding of the company. Meanwhile, the bailout assisted the company because it was almost certain to fail in case it was not bailout because the refinancing plan was rejected by the federal program. Solyndra Solar Bankruptcy The company faced various difficulties that led the company to close operations that will affect the